The Pharisee and the Publican 1894

James Tissot made this watercolor, The Pharisee and the Publican, in the late 19th century. It brings to life a parable that critiques religious hypocrisy. The painting gains its power from the contrast between its two figures. The Pharisee, on the left, is shown in elaborate religious garb, his face tilted upwards, and his hand outstretched as if to receive praise. The Publican, on the right, is hunched and shadowed, hiding his face in shame. The painting subtly judges the Pharisee, who flaunts his piety, and has compassion for the Publican, who recognizes his own failings. Tissot was a French painter who spent time in England and was well known for genre scenes of fashionable society. In later life he turned to religious painting, illustrating the Bible with a focus on historical accuracy and social commentary. Religious imagery always engages with the social structures of its time. To understand this painting better, one might research the religious debates that were taking place in France and England during the 19th century. In this way, the art historian can reveal the social dimensions of even the most familiar and seemingly timeless stories.