Plate 33: Dutch and Roman Flotillas on the Rhine, from The War of the Romans Against the Batavians (Romanorvm et Batavorvm societas) 1611 - 1612

Antonio Tempesta made this print, "Dutch and Roman Flotillas on the Rhine," around 1612, as part of a series depicting the Roman-Batavian War. But consider the context. This isn't just a historical record. It’s a product of the artist's time, reflecting early modern European interests in classical history. The image presents a vision of warfare on water, filled with armed men and detailed ships. But how accurate is it? And to what end is this accuracy? The Roman-Batavian War was a key moment in Dutch national identity formation. The Dutch saw themselves as heirs to the Batavians’ fight for freedom against Roman oppression. Prints like this circulated widely, shaping popular understanding of history. They were not neutral. Rather, they actively construct national narratives. We should research how the institutions of art, such as printmaking workshops and distribution networks, contribute to shaping collective memory and national identity.