Saint Catherine of Alexandria c. 1335 - 1340

Bartolomeo Bulgarini rendered Saint Catherine of Alexandria in paint and gilding during the 14th century. During this period, women's roles were largely confined to the domestic sphere, with limited access to education or power. Here, Catherine is depicted as an educated and powerful figure. In one hand, she holds a palm frond, a symbol of her martyrdom. In the other, she rests her hand on a book, signifying her knowledge and wisdom, while also resting on the torture wheel. Bulgarini’s representation challenges the traditional gender norms of his time by portraying Catherine as an intellectual and spiritual force. Her story reflects the historical struggles of women who defied societal expectations and fought for their beliefs, making her a potent symbol of female empowerment. Bulgarini's Saint Catherine is not just a religious icon; she embodies the spirit of resistance against oppression. She continues to resonate today as a symbol of courage and intellect in the face of adversity.