Choir of Virgins, Choir of Martyrs 1360

Giovanni da Milano painted this diptych, "Choir of Virgins, Choir of Martyrs," sometime in the mid-14th century. The panel to the left features female saints, while the one on the right depicts male saints. These visual representations provided models of ideal gendered behavior. During the 14th century, the figure of the virgin was a complex site of cultural meaning; femininity was frequently associated with purity and obedience. Look at how the virgins here are depicted as serene and gentle. Note too, the presence of Saint Agnes, holding a lamb, symbolising innocence and sacrifice. The martyrs on the right, with their strong gazes, are often depicted with the instruments of their martyrdom, underscoring male strength in the face of adversity. It’s clear that Giovanni da Milano created these panels during a period in which gender roles were closely linked to religious and social expectations. The panels invite us to reflect on the impact of cultural values, and how these shape individual identity and collective histories.