Assembly of Four Kings, in the foreground Four Men 1514 - 1516

Leonhard Beck created this woodcut, "Assembly of Four Kings, in the foreground Four Men," in the early 16th century, a time of significant social stratification and political maneuvering in Europe. The assembly depicts a clear hierarchy. The four kings are enthroned, adorned in elaborate robes that signify power and wealth. In contrast, the four men in the foreground, while still distinct in their attire, are clearly positioned as subordinates. Beck presents a world rigidly structured by social status, where access to power and influence is determined by birthright. During the Reformation, images like these played a role in shaping public perceptions of authority, and the relationship between the governed and their rulers. Beck’s image invites us to consider the emotional and psychological dimensions of power. The woodcut leaves us pondering the silent negotiations, alliances, and the ever-present tensions inherent in systems of hierarchy.