The Apollo Belvedere, plate 3 from Three Famous Antique Sculptures c. 1592 - 1617

Hendrick Goltzius created this engraving of The Apollo Belvedere, dating back to the late 16th century. The dominant impression is one of classical idealism, rendered through meticulous line work. The figure of Apollo stands powerfully, draped fabric adding a dynamic counterpoint to his firm stance. Goltzius's technique emphasizes form and musculature. The use of hatching and cross-hatching not only sculpts the figure, but also serves as a method of intellectual interpretation. Notice the smaller figure to the lower right: is this Goltzius himself? His inclusion suggests a dialogue between the artist and the classical ideal. Through a semiotic lens, the engraving uses established visual codes to communicate ideas of beauty and artistic skill. The careful attention to detail and the structured composition reflect the values of the Renaissance, as well as a broader cultural engagement with classical antiquity. Consider how this engraving acts not just as a reproduction, but as a critical interpretation, inviting ongoing discussion about artistic representation.