The Plague of Flies (Exodus 8:21) 1540 - 1609

Federico Zuccaro made this drawing, "The Plague of Flies," in the late 16th century, using pen and brown ink, with brown wash, heightened with white, on paper. Zuccaro's technique is front and center. The layering of ink and wash creates depth, while the white heightening brings out the drama of the scene. This wasn't just sketching; it was a calculated process. Note the artist's skilled application of washes to create tonal variations and shadows. Every line and shadow seems to be a testament to the artist's command over the medium. Zuccaro's use of materials and techniques speaks to a culture steeped in artisanal traditions. Drawing was not just a preliminary step but a valued form in itself. By emphasizing process, we recognize drawing's true place, not only as a preliminary sketch, but as a testament to artistic labor.