"A Ruler in his Palace", Folio from a Kulliyat (Complete Works) of Sa'di 19th century

"A Ruler in his Palace" is a painting from a Kulliyat, or Complete Works, of Sa'di, a Persian poet who lived in the thirteenth century. In this piece, we see a ruler seated in what appears to be a palace, attended by various figures, likely courtiers or servants. Reflecting on the historical context of the artwork, Sa'di lived during a time of significant cultural and political exchange between Persia and other parts of the world. His writings, often infused with moral and ethical lessons, reflect the social norms and values of his time. The presence of the ruler figure in the painting points to the hierarchical structure of Persian society. It is difficult to see the ruler depicted here as anything other than a figure of power. At the same time, Sa'di's work often invites reflection on the responsibilities that come with authority. This image serves as a meditation on governance, justice, and the relationship between rulers and those they govern.