The Vision of Kumagai Renshobo c. 1690

This print, made by Sugimura Jihei in the late 17th century, is a woodblock print, or *ukiyo-e*. To make an *ukiyo-e*, a design is first drawn, then transferred to a woodblock, usually cherry. Using chisels, the cutter carves away the areas that will not receive ink, leaving a raised surface. Ink is then applied to the block with a brush, and paper laid on top. By rubbing the back of the paper, the image is transferred. Each color requires a separate block, demanding precise alignment. This print’s lines are crisp and its colors are muted. The flatness of the woodblock technique lends a stylized quality to the figures. Though seemingly simple, the process involves a division of labor between designer, carver, and printer. *Ukiyo-e* prints like this one reflect not only the artist's vision, but also the skills of anonymous craftspeople. Considering *ukiyo-e* as both art and commodity invites us to reconsider traditional hierarchies. Appreciating the labor and materials involved allows for a richer understanding of its cultural significance.