Chief Iron Tail 1898

This photograph of Chief Iron Tail was made by Gertrude Kasebier, who used the wet collodion process to make her portraits. This chemical procedure was a breakthrough, enabling a shorter exposure time, and sharper images printed on glass. Here, the albumen silver print captures the Chief's powerful gaze and intricate regalia. His beaded necklace and bone breastplate reflect the skilled traditions of Plains Indian craftsmanship, passed down through generations. The linear arrangement of these materials also emphasizes the inherent qualities of the substances used, such as bone, shell, and glass. The photograph not only documents Chief Iron Tail’s physical appearance but also serves as a poignant commentary on the complex history of Native American representation and self-determination. Kasebier was a strong advocate for American Indian rights, who sought to dignify her Native American sitters, during a period of great social upheaval, which included the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890. By emphasizing the material culture and social context of her sitter, Kasebier's photograph challenges the traditional distinctions between fine art and craft, highlighting the rich cultural heritage of Native American communities.