Illustration XXXI: Athaliah, mother of Ahaziah, is executed for usurping the throne after her son's death (IV Kings 11: 13-16). c. 16th century

Editor: This is Illustration XXXI, depicting the execution of Athaliah, an anonymous work held at the Harvard Art Museums. The stark contrast in the line work gives it a really dramatic feel. What do you see in the composition of this piece? Curator: The composition, though simple, is quite effective. Note the division of space and the use of line to create depth and texture. The figures are rendered with an emphasis on form rather than detail. Editor: So, it's more about the arrangement and the basic shapes than trying to be realistic? Curator: Precisely. The artist prioritizes the structural elements, using stark lines to convey the narrative. Observe the deliberate arrangement of figures and objects within the frame. Editor: It's fascinating how much emotion can be conveyed with such simple techniques. I'll definitely look closer at line work in other pieces now. Curator: Indeed. The work highlights how fundamental formal elements underpin our perception of art.